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Recently, Du Lanping, deputy director and chief engineer of the Fire Department of the Ministry of public security, pointed out in an exclusive interview with China Daily that the public security fire department will further strengthen the rectification, promote the comprehensive management of fire safety of high-rise buildings, and resolutely prevent and curb the occurrence of major fire accidents in high-rise buildings.

At present, 619000 high-rise buildings (public buildings above 24 meters and residential buildings above 27 meters) have been built and put into use in China, 6457 super high-rise buildings above 100 meters, and 42000 buildings have adopted flammable and combustible external thermal insulation materials, including 6206 buildings that use external thermal insulation materials in violation of regulations. The average annual growth rate of super high-rise buildings over 100 meters in China is as high as 8%, which is 2.5 times the world average growth rate, and this figure is still growing rapidly. On the other hand, due to the large scale, multiple functions, complex structure and great difficulty in putting out fire after fire, the harm of high-rise buildings is higher than that of other buildings. According to the official data provided by the Fire Department of the Ministry of public security, 31000 high-rise building fires have occurred in China in the past 10 years, killing 474 people and causing direct property losses of 1.56 billion yuan. Among the 235000 high-rise residential buildings in China, 46.2% are not equipped with automatic fire-fighting facilities. Since this year, there have been 5046 fires in high-rise buildings, with direct property losses of more than 80 million yuan.

In order to effectively prevent high-rise building fires, according to the deployment of the meeting of the State Council, the Ministry of public security, the central comprehensive management office, the Ministry of civil affairs, the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the State Administration of safety supervision and the State Energy Administration decided to carry out comprehensive fire safety management of high-rise buildings for half a year from July.

Du Lanping said that previous high-rise building fire cases have exposed some problems in safety. Flammable and combustible external insulation materials have been widely used in high-rise buildings in previous years, increasing the probability of fire. In addition, many high-rise buildings have chaotic daily fire management and poor self-defense and self rescue ability. The unit's fire safety responsibilities are not implemented, and the daily fire safety inspection and management are not in place, resulting in a large number of hidden dangers, such as the blockage of evacuation passages, the damage of fire-fighting facilities, the unauthorized connection of wires, and the illegal parking of electric vehicles. At the same time, some units and residents do not have strong fire safety awareness. In case of fire, they lack the most basic common sense and skills of escape and self rescue.

She said that "in case of fire in high-rise buildings, it is easy to cause large-area three-dimensional fire. There are practical problems in fire fighting and rescue, such as water supply difficulties, internal attack difficulties, limited climbing operation surface and glass curtain wall and external wall insulation materials, which affect the rapid implementation of fire fighting and rescue and personnel search and rescue".

According to her, during the special rectification period, the Ministry of public security, together with the central comprehensive management office and other five departments, carried out special supervision and inspection on 16 key provinces such as Beijing and Shanghai. All localities have taken effective measures and all work has been carried out in an orderly manner, but the work has been carried out unevenly, especially the problems such as the non implementation of fire safety management responsibilities and inadequate management of high-rise buildings are still prominent.

She said that during the renovation period, all localities focused on six types of prominent problems, such as building exterior wall thermal insulation materials and building fire-fighting facilities. 6206 buildings that illegally use exterior wall insulation materials in China were included in the government's reconstruction of 2811 buildings, with a demolition area of 579000 square meters and a centralized reconstruction area of 592000 square meters; Supervise and urge the rectification of 161000 hidden dangers such as occupation, blockage, closure of evacuation routes and emergency exits.

However, the investigation found that 65.6% of high-rise buildings have weak self fire management ability, and the existing hidden dangers have not been rectified in time. In terms of external thermal insulation materials, 6206 buildings used flammable and combustible external thermal insulation materials in violation of regulations, and 11000 buildings damaged, cracked and fell off the protective layer of external thermal insulation materials; Some high-rise buildings are not equipped with automatic fire-fighting facilities according to the requirements of the specifications, and the facilities are damaged or paralyzed. 117000 buildings occupied, blocked and closed evacuation routes and emergency exits, accounting for 18.6% of the total.

Du Lanping said that in order to solve the problems of fire safety of high-rise buildings, we must address both the symptoms and root causes. At present, the fire department is actively coordinating with relevant departments to guide all localities to further strengthen joint rectification in accordance with the established plan, and solidly promote the comprehensive treatment of fire safety of high-rise buildings to ensure practical results

1. Regulations on fire safety management documents for high-rise buildings

The fire department is drafting the regulations on fire safety management of high-rise buildings to make specific provisions on fire safety management responsibilities, management standards and management requirements of high-rise buildings. As the fire safety management of high-rise buildings requires local governments at all levels to strengthen territorial management, and involves multiple regulatory departments and industry competent departments such as public security, comprehensive management, housing and construction, civil affairs and safety supervision, the public security and fire department will promote the issuance of normative documents in the next step, and add relevant provisions to the revision of the fire protection law to guide local governments in urban construction and development, The high-rise buildings should be properly regulated and slowed down to reduce the urban safety risk.

2. Strictly control the external thermal insulation materials of exterior walls

For the built and put into use buildings equipped with flammable and combustible external insulation system, the fire source shall be strictly controlled. Obvious signs shall be installed on the outer walls of these buildings, and fireworks and hot work are not allowed nearby. It is necessary to strengthen the daily inspection of fire-fighting facilities, strengthen the regular detection and maintenance at the same time, and also adopt some technical prevention means to connect the building fire-fighting facilities into the remote monitoring system, so that once there is a fault, it can be found and repaired in time; In case of fire, it can be started normally and play a good role.

3. To open the channel of life

Ensure that the evacuation passage is clean and prohibit the stacking of sundries, especially combustible sundries; Ensure that the evacuation passage is unblocked, do not block and lock the emergency exit, and ensure that the evacuation passage can go directly to the outside; To ensure the safety of the evacuation passage, the normally closed fire door shall be closed, the emergency lighting and evacuation instructions in the evacuation passage shall be intact, and the positive pressure air supply system shall be normal, so as to ensure that the trapped people can escape to a safe area without being infringed by fireworks in case of fire.

4. Promote the level of technical defense

Guide all localities to make full use of information technologies such as Internet of things and big data to connect the operation of fire-fighting facilities and management of key parts of high-rise buildings to the fire-fighting remote monitoring system to realize intelligent early warning and accurate prevention and control; Promote the installation and application of independent fire detection alarm, simple sprinkler system, emergency broadcasting and other facilities in high-rise residential buildings without automatic fire-fighting facilities, so as to achieve early detection, early evacuation and early disposal of fire; Promote the full use of advanced technical means such as electrical fire monitoring and gas intelligent alarm in high-rise residential buildings, and effectively improve the scientific and technological level of fire prevention and control in high-rise buildings.

Source: China Daily